We show that emissions from eastern mainland China are 7.0 ± 3.0 (±1 standard deviation) gigagrams per year higher in 2014–2017 than in 2008–2012, and that the increase in emissions arises primarily around the northeastern provinces of Shandong and Hebei. This increase accounts for a substantial fraction (at least 40 to 60 per cent) of the global rise in CFC-11 emissions. We find no evidence for a significant increase in CFC-11 emissions from any other eastern Asian countries or other regions of the world where there are available data for the detection of regional emissions.
The hole is healing, it isn’t healed. It no longer poses a threat to most populations, but it ebbs and flows. Estimates for total healing (pre-1980 levels) are 2040.
One possible reason for the higher-than-normal growth is the Hunga Tonga volcanic eruption in January 2022, which introduced massive quantities of water vapor into the air. “The water vapor could have led to the heightened formation of polar stratospheric clouds, where chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) can react and accelerate ozone depletion," said Inness.
Yet despite experiencing large seasonal growth this year, the ozone hole is still decreasing in size overall. “Based on the Montreal Protocol and the decrease of anthropogenic ozone-depleting substances, scientists currently predict that the global ozone layer will reach its normal state again by around 2050,”
It is, but it ebbs and flows over time, with the seasons. Lots of natural processes can interact with the ozone levels. It should be back to 1980 levels by 2040.
I thought the ozone hole was supposed to be shrinking?
China.
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1193-4
Read my comment.
The hole is healing, it isn’t healed. It no longer poses a threat to most populations, but it ebbs and flows. Estimates for total healing (pre-1980 levels) are 2040.
I learned about the Tonga eruption recently and it is wild.
Ahh shit it’s Tonga time.
It is, but it ebbs and flows over time, with the seasons. Lots of natural processes can interact with the ozone levels. It should be back to 1980 levels by 2040.
Read my comment